Tag Archives: NAC 600 mg by Pure Encapsulations

Let’s Talk Neurotransmitters

NeurotransmittersJacquie Eubanks RN BSN

 

 

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that allow signals to cross synapses to transmit information from a nerve cell or neuron to a target cell. Essentially, a synapse is the junction point between two neurons. As the basic working unit of the brain, neurons are specialized cells within the nervous system that allow the brain to transmit electrically charged messages to other nerve, gland and muscle cells. Because neurotransmitters relay information that causes reactions, such as telling a muscle to contract or a gland to secrete a hormone, anything that affects the behavior of neurotransmitters affects the function of the body. By their effects on neurotransmitter receptor cells, neurotransmitters coordinate behavior by stimulating an action or inhibiting an impulse.

Scientists have identified at least 100 neurotransmitters, and evidence suggests we may have a significantly higher amount. Many neurotransmitters are synthesized from precursors like amino acids. Each one performs specific tasks and plays a major role in everyday life and function. To be identified as a neurotransmitter, a chemical must be synthesized in a neuron, must be released and produce a targeted response and must have a mechanism to remove the chemical from the activation site once it has finished its intended function. Neurotransmitters are commonly described as either inhibitory or excitatory.

Neurotransmitter imbalances are connected to diseases and health conditions, including Parkinson’s, depression, insomnia, anxiety, cravings, ADHD, memory loss, fatigue, low libido, weight problems and addictions. Aging, chronic stress, nutritional deficiencies, environmental toxins and alcohol and drug abuse are believed to be primary contributors to neurotransmitter imbalances. Many medications are designed to address symptoms of illness by effectively targeting and altering neurotransmitter activity. The identification and function of neurotransmitters remains an open field of scientific study. However, we do now know that a single neuron can produce several different neurotransmitters.

Some of the more familiar identified neurotransmitters include:

Dopamine – Dopamine functions as both an inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter and is critical for memory and motor skills. Dopamine plays a role in behavior, learning, sleep, mood, focus, attention, immune health and pleasurable reward. Pleasurable situations, such as eating and sexual activity, stimulate the release of dopamine. Abnormal dopamine levels are associated with attention deficit, exhaustion, Parkinson’s disease and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Certain addictive drugs, such as cocaine and amphetamines, inhibit the re-uptake of dopamine, increasing the amount of dopamine in the reward centers. Stimulants, such as prescription medications that address symptoms of ADD and ADHD, temporarily address symptoms of low dopamine.

GABA – As the major inhibitory neurotransmitter widely distributed in the brain, GABA is considered a significant mood modulator. When GABA levels are too low or GABA action is impaired, neurons can become overexcited, which can lead to restlessness, anxiety and irritability. The natural function of GABA is to reduce any overactivity or over-excitability of neurons throughout the nervous system, promoting calmness and relaxation and decreasing brain activity. GABA aids neurons in recovery after firing, helping to reduce anxiety and worry. Pharmaceuticals that enhance GABA action are used to treat anxiety, seizures, restless sleep and other neurological or psychological disorders.

Glutamate – The most common neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, glutamate is an excitatory relative of GABA that is involved in most aspects of brain functioning, including cognition, learning and memory. Glutamate is considered a major mediator of excitatory signals, regulating brain development as well as the elimination and formation of nerve synapses. Glutamate is located within the cells, where it remains relatively inactive until needed. It is released in highly controlled amounts and is quickly taken back into the neuron once the message has been delivered. High levels of glutamate are actually toxic and can inflict massive neuron damage if spilled into brain tissue, such as when caused by a stroke or traumatic brain injury.

Serotonin – Present in the brain and digestive tract, inhibitory neurotransmitter Serotonin has been identified as an important factor in mood, depression, anxiety, sleep quality, emotions and the regulation of appetite and body temperature. Serotonin imbalances are involved in depression, impulsive behavior, sleep and emotional disorders, increased appetite and aggressiveness. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed medications that ease symptoms of depression and anxiety. Pharmaceuticals that help people with depression work by preventing neurons from mopping up excess serotonin.

Acetylcholine (ACh) – This widely distributed excitatory neurotransmitter was the first neurotransmitter to be identified. ACh triggers voluntary muscle contraction, controls the heartbeat and stimulates the excretion of certain hormones. Research suggests that ACh may be critical for sleep, attentiveness, sexuality and memory. Alzheimer’s disease is associated with a lack of ACh in certain brain regions. Medications that increase ACh in the brain are the primary drugs used to treat Alzheimer’s disease.

Video Let's Talk Neurotransmitters

Norepinephrine – Also known as nor-adrenaline and widely distributed throughout the body, norepinephrine acts as a neuromodulator, optimizing brain performance. As part of the body’s fight or flight response, norepinephrine quickly provides an accurate assessment of danger or stressful situations. Excessive amounts of this chemical, especially when no actual danger exists, can leave you anxious and hyperactive, while moderately low amounts have beneficial effects on sleep, concentration, inflammation and stress resilience.

Epinephrine – Widely known as adrenaline, epinephrine is both a neurotransmitter and a hormone that is essential to metabolism, attention, mental focus and our innate response to stress, fear, anger, panic or excitement. Synthesized from norepinephrine and released by the adrenal glands, epinephrine results in a state of hyperawareness followed by an energy surge that quickens the heartbeat, strengthens the force of the heart’s contraction and opens air passages in the lungs. Abnormal levels of epinephrine are linked to sleep disorders, anxiety, hypertension and lowered immunity.

The importance of neurotransmitters cannot be understated. Neurotransmitters control our wondrous and highly complicated human body, including our thought patterns, senses, moods, breathing, heart rate, appetite, digestion, voluntary and involuntary movement, reflexes, hormones, emotions, desires, memories, obsessions and personality. Nutritional support for neurotransmitter synthesis includes amino acids, fundamental building blocks of neurotransmitter production. Turmeric, glutathione, NAC, selenium and magnesium all support neurotransmitter activity. In addition, 30 minutes of daily exercise is believed to boost brain serotonin levels.

NAC 600 mgNAC 600 mg by Pure Encapsulations – This free-form amino acid combined with vitamin C provides powerful antioxidant support. As a precursor to glutathione, NAC aids in support of healthy lung function and helps maintain a healthy immune response. Gluten free, Non-GMO vegetarian formula.

 

Liposomal Glutathione (HEAT SENSITIVE PRODUCT)Liposomal Glutathione by Empirical Labs – Scientifically studied liposomal technology allows for the use of non-hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine as a delivery system for glutathione. Each serving provides 500 mg of reduced glutathione along with 400 mg of natural phosphatidylcholine for optimal absorption, maximum nutrition and potent antioxidant protection. Non-GMO formulation.

 

Turmeric Max-V 100 mg (77377)Turmeric Max-V 100 mg by Douglas Laboratories – Turmeric’s powerful antioxidant properties are believed to play a role in supporting neurological and cardiovascular function. Traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine to support ocular and gastrointestinal function, one capsule supplies 100 mg of turmeric herbal extract standardized to 95% curcuminoids. Soy free, vegan formula.

 

Gaba 750 mgGABA 750 mg by Integrative Therapeutics – Produced naturally in the brain, this amino acid aids in the production of inhibitory neurotransmitters, calming overexcited nerve impulses, reducing anxiety and aiding relaxation. Gluten, lactose and soy free, vegetarian formula.

 

References:
The Neuron. http://www.brainfacts.org/brain-basics/neuroanatomy/articles/2012/the-neuron/
Neurotransmitter – Function and Characteristics. http://science.jrank.org/pages/4624/Neurotransmitter.html
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s). http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/ssris/art-20044825
Dopamine Functions. http://www.news-medical.net/health/Dopamine-Functions.aspx
The Neurotransporter Group. http://neurotransporter.org/glutamate.html
Protecting the Brain from a Glutamate Storm. http://www.dana.org/Cerebrum/2007/Protecting_the_Brain_from_a_Glutamate_Storm/
Effects of Nutrients on Neurotransmitter Release. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK209058/

Beware of Night Eating Syndrome

night_eatingJacquieIconBy Jacquie Eubanks
BSN, RN

 

Night Eating Syndrome (NES) or late night overeating is usually not a result of hunger and is generally associated with those who are overweight or obese. Midnight munching is often linked to habit, boredom or fatigue, but others who may be struggling from stress, depression or hormonal imbalances are very likely to overeat in the evenings, even when hunger is satisfied at dinner. Habitually eating throughout the evening or waking at night to eat again can wreak havoc on any weight loss or weight maintenance plan. Those with NES tend to eat unhealthy high calorie, nutritionally devoid foods, including salty snacks, ice cream and sugary desserts, that not only lead to weight gain but also to chronic health conditions such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome or elevated blood pressure.  

While there is plenty of advice such as simply resolving not to eat after dinner, finding distractions, or keeping junk food out of the house, the underlying reasons for NES may be cause for concern. According to the National Institutes of Mental Health, night eaters are more likely to have an addiction problem and tend to suffer from a distinct form of depression which is more pronounced during the evening. Night eating can also be a result of daytime stress or a response to restricted caloric intake during the day. According to Mark Hyman, M.D., NES often involves a disruption in the production of hormones that regulate sleep, appetite and mood and more specifically the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.

Hormonal imbalance can lead to cravings for excessive amounts of unhealthy foods. An understanding of appetite regulating hormone triggers can aid in balancing these hormones and result in reducing or eliminating food cravings. What are these hormones and how can you help to regulate them?

  • Insulin – After a meal, this all important hormone is released into the bloodstream by the pancreas to aid the cells in absorbing glucose for energy production. Insulin helps to balance blood sugar levels to keep them within normal range. Excess weight can lead to insulin resistance, a precursor to developing type 2 diabetes.
  • Ghrelin – Produced in the stomach, this fast acting hormone regulates appetite and stimulates the brain to let you know when you are hungry. When your stomach is empty, ghrelin levels rise, and after you have eaten, ghrelin levels fall.
  • Leptin – When levels of this hormone rise, your brain gets the signal you have had enough to eat. Along with other hormones, leptin helps to regulate metabolism and energy balance. A person can become leptin resistant when exposed to too much leptin, turning off the message signaling to stop eating and start burning fat.  
  • Peptide YY – Released by the small intestine in response to eating, PYY binds with receptors in the brain, resulting in decreased appetite and a feeling of fullness.
  • Cortisol – Known as the stress hormone, cortisol increases when stressed, resulting in increased hunger, insulin release and higher levels of blood sugar.

To stop cravings and end night time binging, all of these hormones must be in balance. Studies show that people with NES generally skip breakfast, don’t eat enough during the day and then are driven by hunger to compulsively overeat in the evening. They often wake during the night and are likely to indulge in carb-rich snacks even though they are not at all hungry. This extra snacking often results in an extra 500 calories eaten each day. That’s a lot of unnecessary calories for people trying to manage their weight. If you rarely feel hungry in the morning, you overeat in the evening after your evening meal, you wake during the night and are unable to go back to sleep without eating something and you are often feeling sad, anxious, stressed or depressed, you are a likely candidate for establishing a regular eating pattern and managing moods and stress.

In order to lose or maintain a healthy weight, the following steps may help you to balance your hormones, stop food cravings and break the habit of late night eating:

Eat during the day and don’t skip meals to save up calories for night time. Most people with NES are not hungry in the morning, but breakfast is particularly important. Have protein and healthy fat at every meal and include lots of veggies. Regular healthy meals will help keep your blood sugar in balance all day.

Find a way to relax and reduce your stress. Even simple breathing exercises can help to reset hormones and balance brain chemistry. High levels of cortisol are associated with weight gain, especially in the abdomen. Exercise is one of the best methods for reducing stress and has the added benefit of burning calories to aid weight loss.

Make sleep a priority. Sleep loss is directly related to weight gain. With chronic sleep deprivation, cortisol levels and inflammation markers rise as ghrelin production increases, stimulating appetite, and PYY, the hormone that makes you feel satiated, decreases.

Supplement to help balance blood sugar and insulin to reduce cravings. According to Dr. Hyman, be sure you have adequate levels of vitamin D, which helps to regulate hormones. Chromium, lipoic acid, omega-3 fats and N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) all help to reduce cravings. Add high fiber to your diet in the form of PGX, a glucomannan and seaweed supplement that helps to cut cravings, helps to prevent insulin spikes, increases PYY secretion and helps to balance all the hormones.

PGX Daily Granules Fiber Unflavored
 
PGX Daily by Bioclinic Naturals – This high fiber supplement safely supports weight loss, helps ease food cravings and improves insulin sensitivity. Gluten and dairy free.
 
 
 NAC 600 mg
NAC 600 mg by Pure Encapsulations – This amino acid supplement provides powerful antioxidant support, aids heavy metal detoxification, supports immune and respiratory health and may improve insulin and blood sugar levels. Gluten free, Non-GMO vegetarian formula.
 
 
Stabilized R-Lipoic Acid Supreme
Lipoic Acid Supreme by Designs for Health – This blend contains high-dose lipoic acid, biotin and taurine in support of blood sugar and insulin balance. Lipoic acid is an essential nutrient for optimizing insulin receptor function. Gluten, soy and dairy free, Non-GMO vegetarian formula.
 
 
 
Cinnamon with Chromium Picolinate
 
Cinnamon with Chromium Picolinate by Physiologics – This synergistic blend with highly absorbable chromium supports sugar and fat metabolism and helps maintain a healthy metabolism of other dietary nutrients. Gluten, soy and dairy free formula.
 
 
 
References:
 
Insulin Resistance. http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/insulinresistance/
 
Leptin Resistance May Block The “Full Message” and Lead to Obesity.  http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/217958.php
 
Peptide YY.  http://www.yourhormones.info/hormones/peptide_yy.aspx
 
Night Eating Syndrome.  http://www.weightlossresources.co.uk/eating_disorders/night-time-binge-eating-disorder.htm
 
Stress and Weight Gain. http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=53304&page=2
 
Are You a Midnight Muncher? http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=56681